Journal
PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY
Volume 79, Issue -, Pages 14-47Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2014.02.001
Keywords
Sodium MRI; Quadrupolar coupling; Relaxation; In vivo MRI; Na+-K+-ATPase; Spherical tensors
Funding
- National Science Foundation [CHE 0957586]
- NIH/NIBIB/NIAMS [1 R01 EB016045-01]
- National Institutes of Health [1R01AR053133, 1R01AR056260, 1R01AR060238, K25AR060269]
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Chemistry [0957586] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Sodium NMR spectroscopy and MRI have become popular in recent years through the increased availability of high-field MRI scanners, advanced scanner hardware and improved methodology. Sodium MRI is being evaluated for stroke and tumor detection, for breast cancer studies, and for the assessment of osteoarthritis and muscle and kidney functions, to name just a few. In this article, we aim to present an up-to-date review of the theoretical background, the methodology, the challenges, limitations, and current and potential new applications of sodium MRI. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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