Journal
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
Volume 114, Issue -, Pages 25-57Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.11.002
Keywords
Spinal cord injury; Pathophysiology; Cell therapy; Molecular therapy; Combinatorial therapies; Clinical trials
Categories
Funding
- Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology [PTDC/SAU-BMA/114059/2009]
- Foundation Calouste de Gulbenkian
- Gulbenkian Program to Support Research in the Life Sciences
- Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON.2-0 Novo Norte)
- ao abrigo do Quadro de Referencia Estrategico Nacional (QREN)
- atraves do Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER)
- [SFRH/BD/40684/2007]
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [PTDC/SAU-BMA/114059/2009, SFRH/BD/40684/2007] Funding Source: FCT
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Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological disorder that affects thousands of individuals each year. Over the past decades an enormous progress has been made in our understanding of the molecular and cellular events generated by SCI, providing insights into crucial mechanisms that contribute to tissue damage and regenerative failure of injured neurons. Current treatment options for SCI include the use of high dose methylprednisolone, surgical interventions to stabilize and decompress the spinal cord, and rehabilitative care. Nonetheless, SCI is still a harmful condition for which there is yet no cure. Cellular, molecular, rehabilitative training and combinatorial therapies have shown promising results in animal models. Nevertheless, work remains to be done to ascertain whether any of these therapies can safely improve patient's condition after human SCI. This review provides an extensive overview of SCI research, as well as its clinical component. It starts covering areas from physiology and anatomy of the spinal cord, neuropathology of the SCI, current clinical options, neuronal plasticity after SCI, animal models and techniques to assess recovery, focusing the subsequent discussion on a variety of promising neuroprotective, cell-based and combinatorial therapeutic approaches that have recently moved, or are close, to clinical testing. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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