Journal
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
Volume 98, Issue 1, Pages 38-48Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.05.001
Keywords
Affective neuroscience; Attachment; Caring; Empathy; Evolution; Social neuroscience; Pro-social behavior
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Funding
- NSF [BCS-0718480]
- NIH [R01 MH087525, R01 MH084934]
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In mammals, empathy is crucial for living in social groups and caring for others. In this paper, we consider the structural and functional organization of empathy. We propose that empathy subsumes a variety of neurobiological processes and partially dissociable information processing subsystems, each of which has a unique evolutionary history. Even the most advanced and flexible forms of empathy in humans are built on more basic forms and remain connected to core subcortical and neurohormonal mechanisms associated with affective communication, parental care and social attachment processes. Considering empathy within a framework that recognizes both the continuities and the changes within a phylogenetic perspective provides a richer understanding of empathy and related neurobehavioral processes. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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