Journal
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
Volume 95, Issue 4, Pages 510-513Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.07.006
Keywords
Alzheimer; Evolution; Brain; Biomarker; Association; Cortex; Metabolism; Neuroplasticity
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Funding
- Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 AG999999] Funding Source: Medline
- NIA NIH HHS [R21 AG036875] Funding Source: Medline
- NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS061933] Funding Source: Medline
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Brain regions and their highly neuroplastic long axonal connections that expanded rapidly during hominid evolution are preferentially affected by Alzheimer disease. There is no natural animal model with full disease pathology (neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic amyloid plaques of a severity seen in Alzheimer's disease brains). Biomarkers such as reduced glucose metabolism in association neocortex, defects in long white matter tracts, RNA neurochemical changes, and high CSF levels of total and phosphorylated tau protein, which are helpful to identify MCI and preclinical Alzheimer disease patients, may also provide insights into what brain changes led to this disease being introduced during hominid evolution. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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