Journal
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
Volume 92, Issue 4, Pages 484-504Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2010.08.005
Keywords
Phototransduction; Retina; Circadian rhythms; Non visual functions; Clock genes; Photoreceptors; Ganglion Cells; Retinal diseases; Melatonin; Lipids; Dopamine; Metabolic oscillators
Categories
Funding
- Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnica (FONCyT) [967, 898]
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnologicas de la Republica Argentina (CONICET)
- Secretaria de Ciencia y Tecnologia de la Universidad Nacional de Cordoba (SeCyT-UNC)
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Ministry of Sciences and Technology of Cordoba Mario Guido
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Daily and annual changes in ambient Illumination serve as specific stimuli that associate light with time and regulate the physiology of the organism through the eye The eye acts as a dual sense organ linking light and vision and detecting light that provides specific stimuli for non-classical photoreceptors located in the inner retina These photoreceptors convey information to the master circadian pacemaker the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) Responsible for sensing the light that regulates several non-visual functions (i e behavior pupil reflex sleep and pineal melatonin production) the retina plays a key role in the temporal symphony orchestra playing the musical score of life It is intrinsically rhythmic in its physiological and metabolic activities We discuss here recent evidence in support of the hypothesis that retinal oscillators distributed over different cell populations may act as clocks inducing changes in the visual and circadian system according to the time of the day Significant progress has recently been made in identifying photoreceptors/photopigments localized in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) that set circadian rhythms and modulate non-visual functions Autonomous retinal and brain oscillators could have a more complex organization than previously recognized involving a network of RGC clock/SCN clock cross-talk The convergence of oscillatory and photoreceptive capacities of retinal cells could deeply Impact on the circadian system which in turn may be severely impaired in different retinal pathologies The aim of this review is to discuss the state of the art on inner retinal cell Involvement in the light and temporal regulation of health and disease (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved
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