Journal
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
Volume 33, Issue 8, Pages 1291-1308Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.06.022
Keywords
Amygdala; Anxiety; Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis; Corticotropin-releasing factor; Startle
Funding
- NIMH [MH069056, MH47840, MH57250, MH59906, 1U19 MH069056]
- Science and Technology Center
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience of the National Science Foundation [IBN-9876754]
- American Psychological Association Diversity Program in Neuroscience Predoctoral Fellowship [5T32 MH18882]
- NIH [86-23]
- NARSAD Young Investigator award
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The medial division of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA(M)) and the lateral division of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNSTL) are closely related. Both receive projections from the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and both project to brain areas that mediate fear-influenced behaviors. In contrast to CeA(M) however, initial attempts to implicate the BNST in conditioned fear responses were largely unsuccessful. More recent studies have shown that the BNST does participate in some types of anxiety and stress responses. Here, we review evidence suggesting that the CeA(M) and BNSTL are functionally complementary, with CeA(M) mediating short- but not long-duration threat responses (i.e., phasic fear) and BNSTL mediating long- but not short-duration responses (sustained fear or 'anxiety'). We also review findings implicating the stress-related peptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in sustained but not phasic threat responses, and attempt to integrate these findings into a neural circuit model which accounts for these and related observations. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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