Journal
PROGRESS IN LIPID RESEARCH
Volume 48, Issue 3-4, Pages 117-127Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2009.02.001
Keywords
Protein palmitoylation; DHHC protein; Lipid modification; Protein targeting; Palmitoyl acyl transferase
Funding
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Human Frontier Science Program [HFSP CDA0015-07]
- MEXT [18700376, 20670005, 20022043, 20054022, 18687008]
- HFSP [RCY005906]
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Protein S-palmitoylation, the most common lipid modification with the 16-carbon fatty acid palmitate, provides an important mechanism for regulating protein trafficking and function. The unique reversibility of protein palmitoylation allows proteins to rapidly shuttle between intracellular membrane compartments. Importantly, this palmitate cycling can be regulated by some physiological stimuli, contributing to cellular homeostaisis and plasticity. Although the enzyme responsible for protein palmitoylation had been long elusive, DHHC family proteins, conserved from plants to mammals, have recently emerged as palmitoyl acyl transferases. Integrated approaches including advanced proteomics, live-cell imaging, and molecular genetics are beginning to clarify the molecular machinery for palmitoylation reaction in diverse aspects of cellular functions. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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