Journal
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 6, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8495
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Funding
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre
- British Heart Foundation
- Wellcome Trust
- Academy of Medical Sciences
- AI Wellcome Trust [096823/Z/11/Z]
- Wellcome Trust [WT103782AIA]
- British Heart Foundation [RG/10/007/28300, CH/09/002/26360, PG/12/8/29371, FS/14/78/31020]
- National Health Service Research Scotland
- National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cancer Research UK [17242, 16465]
- Wellcome Trust [096823/Z/11/Z] Funding Source: Wellcome Trust
- MRC [G0701127, G0800784] Funding Source: UKRI
- Academy of Medical Sciences (AMS) [AMS-SGCL1-Rudd] Funding Source: researchfish
- British Heart Foundation [RG/10/007/28300, FS/14/78/31020, RG/13/14/30314, FS/13/77/30488, FS/12/29/29463, PG/12/8/29371, PG/09/083/27667, FS/10/026/28209] Funding Source: researchfish
- Cancer Research UK [17242, 16465, 16628] Funding Source: researchfish
- Chief Scientist Office [ETM/160] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [G0701127, G0800784] Funding Source: researchfish
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Vascular calcification is a complex biological process that is a hallmark of atherosclerosis. While macrocalcification confers plaque stability, microcalcification is a key feature of high-risk atheroma and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Positron emission tomography and X-ray computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging of atherosclerosis using F-18-sodium fluoride (F-18-NaF) has the potential to identify pathologically high-risk nascent microcalcification. However, the precise molecular mechanism of F-18-NaF vascular uptake is still unknown. Here we use electron microscopy, autoradiography, histology and preclinical and clinical PET/CT to analyse F-18-NaF binding. We show that F-18-NaF adsorbs to calcified deposits within plaque with high affinity and is selective and specific. F-18-NaF PET/CT imaging can distinguish between areas of macro-and microcalcification. This is the only currently available clinical imaging platform that can non-invasively detect microcalcification in active unstable atherosclerosis. The use of F-18-NaF may foster new approaches to developing treatments for vascular calcification.
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