Journal
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 6, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7342
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health [R01 CA135379]
- CTRC [UL1 RR024153, UL1TR000005]
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre based at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust and Imperial College London
- Spinoza Award of the Netherlands Organization (de Vos) for Scientific Research
- ERC Advanced of the European Research Council [250172]
- Academy of Finland [141140, 256950]
- Academy of Medical Sciences
- Academy of Medical Sciences (AMS) [AMS-SGCL8-Kinross] Funding Source: researchfish
- Academy of Finland (AKA) [256950, 256950] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)
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Rates of colon cancer are much higher in African Americans (65: 100,000) than in rural South Africans (<5: 100,000). The higher rates are associated with higher animal protein and fat, and lower fibre consumption, higher colonic secondary bile acids, lower colonic short-chain fatty acid quantities and higher mucosal proliferative biomarkers of cancer risk in otherwise healthy middle-aged volunteers. Here we investigate further the role of fat and fibre in this association. We performed 2-week food exchanges in subjects from the same populations, where African Americans were fed a high-fibre, low-fat African-style diet and rural Africans a high-fat, low-fibre western-style diet, under close supervision. In comparison with their usual diets, the food changes resulted in remarkable reciprocal changes in mucosal biomarkers of cancer risk and in aspects of the microbiota and metabolome known to affect cancer risk, best illustrated by increased saccharolytic fermentation and butyrogenesis, and suppressed secondary bile acid synthesis in the African Americans.
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