Journal
PROGRESS IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Volume 56, Issue 4, Pages 382-390Publisher
W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2013.09.002
Keywords
Cardiorespiratory fitness; Body mass index; All-cause mortality; Fitness and fatness; Obesity paradox
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Funding
- RWJ grant from the Positive Psychology Center, Martin Seligman, PI, University of Pennsylvania
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The purpose of this study was to quantify the joint association of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and weight status on mortality from all causes using meta-analytical methodology. Studies were included if they were (1) prospective, (2) objectively measured CRF and body mass index (BMI), and (3) jointly assessed CRY and BMI with all-cause mortality. Ten articles were included in the final analysis. Pooled hazard ratios were assessed for each comparison group (i.e. normal weight-unfit, overweight-unfit and -fit, and obese-unfit and -fit) using a random-effects model. Compared to normal weight-fit individuals, unfit individuals had twice the risk of mortality regardless of BMI. Overweight and obese-fit individuals had similar mortality risks as normal weight-fit individuals. Furthermore, the obesity paradox may not influence fit individuals. Researchers, clinicians, and public health officials should focus on physical activity and fitness-based interventions rather than weight-loss driven approaches to reduce mortality risk. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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