Common and rare variants associated with kidney stones and biochemical traits

Kidney stone disease is a complex disorder with a strong genetic component. We conducted a genome-wide association study of 28.3 million sequence variants detected through whole-genome sequencing of 2,636 Icelanders that were imputed into 5,419 kidney stone cases, including 2,172 cases with a history of recurrent kidney stones, and 279,870 controls. We identify sequence variants associating with kidney stones at ALPL (rs1256328[T], odds ratio (OR) = 1.21, P = 5.8 x 10(-10)) and a suggestive association at CASR (rs7627468[A], OR = 1.16, P = 2.0 x 10(-8)). Focusing our analysis on coding sequence variants in 63 genes with preferential kidney expression we identify two rare missense variants SLC34A1 p.Tyr489Cys (OR = 2.38, P = 2.8 x 10(-5)) and TRPV5 p.Leu530Arg (OR = 3.62, P = 4.1 x 10(-5)) associating with recurrent kidney stones. We also observe associations of the identified kidney stone variants with biochemical traits in a large population set, indicating potential biological mechanism.