Journal
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Volume 89, Issue 5, Pages 334-341Publisher
INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS
DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2011.06.007
Keywords
Wet air oxidation; Catalytic wet air oxidation; Platinum/carbon-nanotube catalyst; Pharmaceuticals; Ultra-pure and natural waters
Categories
Funding
- Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia of Spain [CTQ 2010-14823, CSD2006-00044]
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A wet air oxidation (WAO) process was applied to four selected pharmaceuticals (metoprolol, naproxen, amoxicillin, and phenacetin) individually dissolved in ultra-pure water, varying the temperature and oxygen pressure. Due to the moderate (amoxicillin) or low (metoprolol, naproxen, and phenacetin) efficiency found in the oxidation of these pollutants, a catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) process was then tested using a platinum catalyst supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT). In this CWAO process, the pharmaceuticals were dissolved together in ultra-pure water and in four natural water matrices-a reservoir water, a groundwater, and two waters from different municipal wastewater treatment plants. On the basis of the measurements of their removals, a discussion is given of the influence of the main operating variables: the presence or absence of catalyst, type of catalyst (the synthesized Pt/CNT or a commercial Pt/AC), catalyst dosage (0.005-0.050 g), temperature (120-140 degrees C), and oxygen pressure (20-40 bar). In most experiments, the removals were in the sequence: amoxicillin > naproxen > phenacetin. In addition, total organic carbon (TOC) removal measurements were made of some of the natural waters tested. (C) 2011 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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