Journal
PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY
Volume 48, Issue 10, Pages 1524-1531Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.07.013
Keywords
Fungal extract; Mucor indicus; N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO); Pretreatment; Wheat straw
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Funding
- Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology
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Recently, Mucor indicus was introduced as a promising ethanol producing microorganism for fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates, showing a number of advantages over Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, high nutrient requirement is the main drawback of the fungus in efficient ethanol production from lignocelluloses. In this study, application of fungal extract as a potential nutrient source replacing all required nutrients in fermentation of wheat straw by M. indicus was investigated. Wheat straw was pretreated with N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) at 120 degrees C for 1-5h prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. Hydrolysis yield was improved at least by 6-fold for 3 h pretreated straw compared with that of untreated one. A fungal extract was produced by autolysis of M. indicus biomass, an unavoidable byproduct of fermentation. Maximum free amino nitrogen (2.04 g/L), phosphorus (1.50 g/L), and total nitrogen (4.47 g/L) as well as potassium, magnesium, and calcium in the fungal extract were obtained by autolysis of the biomass at 50 degrees C and pH 5.0. The fungal extract as a nutrient-rich supplement substituted yeast extract and all other required minerals in fermentation and enhanced the ethanol yield up to 92.1% of the theoretical yield. Besides, appreciate amounts of chitosan were produced as another valuable product of the autolysis. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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