Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Volume 281, Issue 1794, Pages -Publisher
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1739
Keywords
Gastropoda; Mollusca; Heterobranchia; phylogenomics
Categories
Funding
- US National Science Foundation through the Systematics Program [0844596, 0844881, 0844652]
- Alan T. Waterman Award
- US National Science Foundation through the Assembling the Tree of Life program BivAToL grant [0732903]
- Museum of Comparative Zoology
- Volkswagen Foundation
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Environmental Biology [0844596, 0732903, 0844652] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Environmental Biology [0844881] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Office Of The Director
- Office of Integrative Activities [1004057] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Gastropods are a highly diverse clade of molluscs that includes many familiar animals, such as limpets, snails, slugs and sea slugs. It is one of the most abundant groups of animals in the sea and the only molluscan lineage that has successfully colonized land. Yet the relationships among and within its constituent clades have remained in flux for over a century of morphological, anatomical and molecular study. Here, we re-evaluate gastropod phylogenetic relationships by collecting new transcriptome data for 40 species and analysing them in combination with publicly available genomes and transcriptomes. Our datasets include all five main gastropod clades: Patellogastropoda, Vetigastropoda, Neritimorpha, Caenogastropoda and Heterobranchia. We use two different methods to assign orthology, subsample each of these matrices into three increasingly dense subsets, and analyse all six of these supermatrices with two different models of molecular evolution. All 12 analyses yield the same unrooted network connecting the five major gastropod lineages. This reduces deep gastropod phylogeny to three alternative rooting hypotheses. These results reject the prevalent hypothesis of gastropod phylogeny, Orthogastropoda. Our dated tree is congruent with a possible end-Permian recovery of some gastropod clades, namely Caenogastropoda and some Heterobranchia subclades.
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