Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Volume 280, Issue 1759, Pages -Publisher
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.0155
Keywords
global change; multistress; ocean acidification; purple urchin; temperature
Categories
Funding
- NSF [IOS-1021536, OCE 1040960]
- University of California
- Ocean Acidification: A Training and Research Consortium
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1021536] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Directorate For Geosciences [1232779, 1220359] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems [1021536] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Ocean Sciences [1232779, 1220359] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Ocean warming and ocean acidification, both consequences of anthropogenic production of CO2, will combine to influence the physiological performance of many species in the marine environment. In this study, we used an integrative approach to forecast the impact of future ocean conditions on larval purple sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) from the northeast Pacific Ocean. In laboratory experiments that simulated ocean warming and ocean acidification, we examined larval development, skeletal growth, metabolism and patterns of gene expression using an orthogonal comparison of two temperature (13 degrees C and 18 degrees C) and pCO(2) (400 and 1100 mu atm) conditions. Simultaneous exposure to increased temperature and pCO(2) significantly reduced larval metabolism and triggered a widespread downregulation of histone encoding genes. pCO(2) but not temperature impaired skeletal growth and reduced the expression of a major spicule matrix protein, suggesting that skeletal growth will not be further inhibited by ocean warming. Importantly, shifts in skeletal growth were not associated with developmental delay. Collectively, our results indicate that global change variables will have additive effects that exceed thresholds for optimized physiological performance in this keystone marine species.
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