Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
Volume 467, Issue 2127, Pages 760-777Publisher
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2010.0288
Keywords
simple shear; soft biological tissues; stretch-induced stiffening of collagen fibres; nonlinear elasticity; hydrostatic stresses; cavitation
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Funding
- US National Science Foundation [CMMI 0754704]
- Dublin City University
- Div Of Civil, Mechanical, & Manufact Inn
- Directorate For Engineering [0754704] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Shearing is induced in soft tissues in numerous physiological settings. The limited experimental data available suggest that a severe strain-stiffening effect occurs in the shear stress when soft biological tissues are subjected to simple shear in certain directions. This occurs at relatively small amounts of shear (when compared with the simple shear of rubbers). This effect is modelled within the framework of nonlinear elasticity by consideration of a class of incompressible anisotropic materials. Owing to the large stresses generated for relatively small amounts of shear, particular care must be exercised in order to maintain a homogeneous deformation state in the bulk of the specimen. The results obtained are relevant to the development of accurate shear test protocols for the determination of constitutive properties of soft tissues. It is also demonstrated that there is a fundamental ambiguity in determining the normal stresses in simple shear when soft tissues are modelled as incompressible hyperelastic materials owing to the arbitrary nature of the hydrostatic pressure term. Two physically well-motivated approaches to determining the pressure are presented here, and the resulting hydrostatic stresses are compared and contrasted. The possible generation of cavitational damage owing to critical hydrostatic stress levels is briefly discussed.
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