Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 115, Issue 41, Pages 10505-10510Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1802018115
Keywords
primary visual cortex; functional connectivity; nonhuman primates; optogenetics; cortical columns
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation [81430010, 31627802, 31471052]
- National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program [2015AA020515]
- Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China [LR15C090001]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2015QN81007]
- NIH [EY022853]
- Oregon Health & Science University Institutional funds
- Vanderbilt Vision Research Center
- Center for Integrative and Cognitive Neuroscience at Vanderbilt
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In primates, visual perception is mediated by brain circuits composed of submillimeter nodes linked together in specific networks that process different types of information, such as eye specificity and contour orientation. We hypothesized that optogenetic stimulation targeted to cortical nodes could selectively activate such cortical networks. We used viral transfection methods to confer light sensitivity to neurons in monkey primary visual cortex. Using intrinsic signal optical imaging and single-unit electrophysiology to assess effects of targeted optogenetic stimulation, we found that (i) optogenetic stimulation of single ocular dominance columns (eye-specific nodes) revealed preferential activation of nearby same-eye columns but not opposite-eye columns, and (ii) optogenetic stimulation of single orientation domains increased visual response of matching orientation domains and relatively suppressed nonmatching orientation selectivity. These findings demonstrate that optical stimulation of single nodes leads to modulation of functionally specific cortical networks related to underlying neural architecture.
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