Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 111, Issue 38, Pages 13948-13953Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1400821111
Keywords
cancer imaging; fluorescence-guided surgery; M13 bacteriophage
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence [U54-CA119349-04, U54-CA151884]
- Koch Institute Frontier Research Program through the Kathy and Curt Marble Cancer Research Fund
- Marie D. & Pierre Casimir-Lambert Fund
- Professor Amar G. Bose Research Grant
- NIH/Medical Scientist Training Program
- [P30-ES002109]
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Highly sensitive detection of small, deep tumors for early diagnosis and surgical interventions remains a challenge for conventional imaging modalities. Second-window near-infrared light (NIR2, 950-1,400 nm) is promising for in vivo fluorescence imaging due to deep tissue penetration and low tissue autofluorescence. With their intrinsic fluorescence in the NIR2 regime and lack of photobleaching, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are potentially attractive contrast agents to detect tumors. Here, targeted M13 virus-stabilized SWNTs are used to visualize deep, disseminated tumors in vivo. This targeted nanoprobe, which uses M13 to stably display both tumor-targeting peptides and an SWNT imaging probe, demonstrates excellent tumor-to-background uptake and exhibits higher signal-to-noise performance compared with visible and near-infrared (NIR1) dyes for delineating tumor nodules. Detection and excision of tumors by a gynecological surgeon improved with SWNT image guidance and led to the identification of submillimeter tumors. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the promise of targeted SWNT nanoprobes for noninvasive disease monitoring and guided surgery.
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