Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 111, Issue 18, Pages 6554-6559Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1322857111
Keywords
exclusion zone; Nafion; chemotaxis; unstirred layer; solute-free zone
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Funding
- Stichting voor de Technische Wetenschappen (STW)
- technological branch of the Netherlands Organisation of Scientific Research
- Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs [12538]
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS) at Eindhoven University of Technology
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Interactions between surfaces and particles in aqueous suspension are usually limited to distances smaller than 1 mu m. However, in a range of studies from different disciplines, repulsion of particles has been observed over distances of up to hundreds of micrometers, in the absence of any additional external fields. Although a range of hypotheses have been suggested to account for such behavior, the physical mechanisms responsible for the phenomenon still remain unclear. To identify and isolate these mechanisms, we perform detailed experiments on a well-defined experimental system, using a setup that minimizes the effects of gravity and convection. Our experiments clearly indicate that the observed long-range repulsion is driven by a combination of ion exchange, ion diffusion, and diffusiophoresis. We develop a simple model that accounts for our data; this description is expected to be directly applicable to a wide range of systems exhibiting similar long-range forces.
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