Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 111, Issue 44, Pages E4697-E4705Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1413128111
Keywords
COQ9; coenzyme Q; ubiquinone; COQ7; TFR family
Categories
Funding
- Searle Scholars Award
- Shaw Scientist Award
- NIH [U01GM094622, U54GM094597]
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences Biotechnology Training Grant [5T32GM08349]
- NIH Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award [F30AG043282]
- National Library of Medicine (NLM) Training Grant [NLM T15LM007359]
- Ramon y Cajal Programme [RYC-2011-07643]
- Junta de Andalucia [P10-CTS-6133]
- Division Of Mathematical Sciences
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1160360] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Div Of Civil, Mechanical, & Manufact Inn
- Directorate For Engineering [0941013] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is an isoprenylated quinone that is essential for cellular respiration and is synthesized in mitochondria by the combined action of at least nine proteins (COQ1-9). Although most COQ proteins are known to catalyze modifications to CoQ precursors, the biochemical role of COQ9 remains unclear. Here, we report that a disease-related COQ9 mutation leads to extensive disruption of the CoQ protein biosynthetic complex in a mouse model, and that COQ9 specifically interacts with COQ7 through a series of conserved residues. Toward understanding how COQ9 can perform these functions, we solved the crystal structure of Homo sapiens COQ9 at 2.4 angstrom Unexpectedly, our structure reveals that COQ9 has structural homology to the TFR family of bacterial transcriptional regulators, but that it adopts an atypical TFR dimer orientation and is not predicted to bind DNA. Our structure also reveals a lipid-binding site, and mass spectrometry-based analyses of purified COQ9 demonstrate that it associates with multiple lipid species, including CoQ itself. The conserved COQ9 residues necessary for its interaction with COQ7 comprise a surface patch around the lipid-binding site, suggesting that COQ9 might serve to present its bound lipid to COQ7. Collectively, our data define COQ9 as the first, to our knowledge, mammalian TFR structural homolog and suggest that its lipid-binding capacity and association with COQ7 are key features for enabling CoQ biosynthesis.
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