Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 111, Issue 39, Pages 14247-14252Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1322173111
Keywords
functional connectivity; neuropsychology; fMRI; brain hubs
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) [P01 NS19632]
- NIH [R21NS061144, F30 MH940322]
- McDonnell Foundation
- Simons Foundation [95177]
- National Institutes of Mental Health [R01 MH062500]
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Hubs are network components that hold positions of high importance for network function. Previous research has identified hubs in human brain networks derived from neuroimaging data; however, there is little consensus on the localization of such hubs. Moreover, direct evidence regarding the role of various proposed hubs in network function (e.g., cognition) is scarce. Regions of the default mode network (DMN) have been frequently identified as cortical hubs of brain networks. On theoretical grounds, we have argued against some of the methods used to identify these hubs and have advocated alternative approaches that identify different regions of cortex as hubs. Our framework predicts that our proposed hub locations may play influential roles in multiple aspects of cognition, and, in contrast, that hubs identified via other methods (including salient regions in the DMN) might not exert such broad influence. Here we used a neuropsychological approach to directly test these predictions by studying long-term cognitive and behavioral outcomes in 30 patients, 19 with focal lesions to six target hubs identified by our approaches (high system density and participation coefficient) and 11 with focal lesions to two control hubs (high degree centrality). In support of our predictions, we found that damage to target locations produced severe and widespread cognitive deficits, whereas damage to control locations produced more circumscribed deficits. These findings support our interpretation of how neuroimaging-derived network measures relate to cognition and augment classic neuro-anatomically based predictions about cognitive and behavioral outcomes after focal brain injury.
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