Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 111, Issue 5, Pages 1754-1759Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1314780111
Keywords
lead zirconate titanate; piezoelectricity; short-range order; soft modes; neutron scattering
Categories
Funding
- National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]
- US Office of Naval Research [N00014-11-1-0552, N00014-12-1-1045]
- Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Carnegie Trust
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
- Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy
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PbZr(1-x)TixO(3) (PZT) and Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)(1-x)TixO3 (PMN-xPT) are complex lead-oxide perovskites that display exceptional piezoelectric properties for pseudorhombohedral compositions near a tetragonal phase boundary. In PZT these compositions are ferroelectrics, but in PMN-xPT they are relaxors because the dielectric permittivity is frequency dependent and exhibits non-Arrhenius behavior. We show that the nanoscale structure unique to PMN-xPT and other lead-oxide perovskite relaxors is absent in PZT and correlates with a greater than 100% enhancement of the longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient in PMN-xPT relative to that in PZT. By comparing dielectric, structural, lattice dynamical, and piezoelectric measurements on PZT and PMN-xPT, two nearly identical compounds that represent weak and strong random electric field limits, we show that quenched (static) random fields establish the relaxor phase and identify the order parameter.
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