Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 111, Issue 1, Pages E139-E148Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1317377110
Keywords
viticulture; agriculture; metagenomics; next-generation sequencing
Categories
Funding
- American Wine Society Educational Foundation Endowment Fund Scholarship
- Brian Williams Scholarship (American Society of Brewing Chemists Foundation)
- Wine Spectator
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences-National Institutes of Health [T32-GM008799]
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Wine grapes present a unique biogeography model, wherein microbial biodiversity patterns across viticultural zones not only answer questions of dispersal and community maintenance, they are also an inherent component of the quality, consumer acceptance, and economic appreciation of a culturally important food product. On their journey from the vineyard to the wine bottle, grapes are transformed to wine through microbial activity, with indisputable consequences for wine quality parameters. Wine grapes harbor a wide range of microbes originating from the surrounding environment, many of which are recognized for their role in grapevine health and wine quality. However, determinants of regional wine characteristics have not been identified, but are frequently assumed to stem from viticultural or geological factors alone. This study used a high-throughput, short-amplicon sequencing approach to demonstrate that regional, site-specific, and grape-variety factors shape the fungal and bacterial consortia inhabiting wine-grape surfaces. Furthermore, these microbial assemblages are correlated to specific climatic features, suggesting a link between vineyard environmental conditions and microbial inhabitation patterns. Taken together, these factors shape the unique microbial inputs to regional wine fermentations, posing the existence of nonrandom microbial terroir as a determining factor in regional variation among wine grapes.
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