Long noncoding RNAs regulate adipogenesis

The prevalence of obesity has led to a surge of interest in understanding the detailed mechanisms underlying adipocyte development. Many protein-coding genes, mRNAs, and microRNAs have been implicated in adipocyte development, but the global expression patterns and functional contributions of long noncoding RNA (IncRNA) during adipogenesis have not been explored. Here we profiled the transcriptome of primary brown and white adipocytes, preadipocytes, and cultured adipocytes and identified 175 IncRNAs that are specifically regulated during adipogenesis. Many IncRNAs are adipose-enriched, strongly induced during adipogenesis, and bound at their promoters by key transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBP alpha). RNAi-mediated loss of function screens identified functional IncRNAs with varying impact on adipogenesis. Collectively, we have identified numerous IncRNAs that are functionally required for proper adipogenesis.