Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 110, Issue 33, Pages E3129-E3137Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1305867110
Keywords
biosynthesis; Peltigera membranacea; trans-acyltransferase polyketide synthase; C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance
Categories
Funding
- DFG [SFB 642]
- Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
- Icelandic Research fund
- EU
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Bacteria are a major source of natural products that provide rich opportunities for both chemical and biological investigation. Although the vast majority of known bacterial metabolites derive from free-living organisms, increasing evidence supports the wide-spread existence of chemically prolific bacteria living in symbioses. A strategy based on bioinformatic prediction, symbiont cultivation, isotopic enrichment, and advanced analytics was used to characterize a unique polyketide, nosperin, from a lichen-associated Nostoc sp. cyanobacterium. The biosynthetic gene cluster and the structure of nosperin, determined from 30 mu g of compound, are related to those of the pederin group previously known only from nonphoto-synthetic bacteria associated with beetles and marine sponges. The presence of this natural product family in such highly dissimilar associations suggests that some bacterial metabolites may be specific to symbioses with eukaryotes and encourages exploration of other symbioses for drug discovery and better understanding of ecological interactions mediated by complex bacterial metabolites.
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