Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 110, Issue 9, Pages 3381-3386Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1219961110
Keywords
molecular motors; tweezers; tug-of-war; motility I microtubule
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [068625]
- National Science Foundation [0822613]
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Kinesin and dynein are fundamental components of intracellular transport, but their interactions when simultaneously present on cargos are unknown. We built an optical trap that can be calibrated in vivo during data acquisition for each individual cargo to measure forces in living cells. Comparing directional stall forces in vivo and in vitro, we found evidence that cytoplasmic dynein is active during minus- and plus-end directed motion, whereas kinesin is only active in the plus direction. In vivo, we found outward (similar to plus-end) stall forces range from 2 to 7 pN, which is significantly less than the 5- to 7-pN stall force measured in vitro for single kinesin molecules. In vitro measurements on beads with kinesin-1 and dynein bound revealed a similar distribution, implying that an interaction between opposite polarity motors causes this difference. Finally, inward (similar to minus-end) stalls in vivo were 2-3 pN, which is higher than the 1.1-pN stall force of a single dynein, implying multiple active dynein.
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