Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 110, Issue 19, Pages 7550-7555Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1300262110
Keywords
clouds; marine aerosols; biologically active; cloud condensation nuclei; ice nucleation
Categories
Funding
- National Science Foundation (NSF) Center for Chemical Innovation, Center for Aerosol Impacts on Climate and the Environment (CAICE) [CHE1038028]
- NSF [ATM0837913, ATM0841602]
- Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-1-0200]
- NSF Graduate Research Fellowship
- Irving M. Klotz professorship
- NSF PO Grant [OCE-1155123]
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Marine Microbiology Initiative
- Directorate For Geosciences [0837913] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Division Of Ocean Sciences [1155123, 1129580] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Div Atmospheric & Geospace Sciences [0837913] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Div Atmospheric & Geospace Sciences
- Directorate For Geosciences [0841602] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Chemistry
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1038028] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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The production, size, and chemical composition of sea spray aerosol (SSA) particles strongly depend on seawater chemistry, which is controlled by physical, chemical, and biological processes. Despite decades of studies in marine environments, a direct relationship has yet to be established between ocean biology and the physicochemical properties of SSA. The ability to establish such relationships is hindered by the fact that SSA measurements are typically dominated by overwhelming background aerosol concentrations even in remote marine environments. Herein, we describe a newly developed approach for reproducing the chemical complexity of SSA in a laboratory setting, comprising a unique ocean-atmosphere facility equipped with actual breaking waves. A mesocosm experiment was performed in natural seawater, using controlled phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria concentrations, which showed SSA size and chemical mixing state are acutely sensitive to the aerosol production mechanism, as well as to the type of biological species present. The largest reduction in the hygroscopicity of SSA occurred as heterotrophic bacteria concentrations increased, whereas phytoplankton and chlorophyll-a concentrations decreased, directly corresponding to a change in mixing state in the smallest (60-180 nm) size range. Using this newly developed approach to generate realistic SSA, systematic studies can now be performed to advance our fundamental understanding of the impact of ocean biology on SSA chemical mixing state, heterogeneous reactivity, and the resulting climate-relevant properties.
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