Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 110, Issue 33, Pages 13660-13665Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1312234110
Keywords
model legume; monolignol pathway; transposon mutagenesis
Categories
Funding
- National Science Foundation [703285]
- Department of Energy (DOE) Feedstock Genomics program [DE-FG02-06ER64303]
- Forage Genetics International
- Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation
- DOE's Bioenergy Sciences and Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Centers
- Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science [BER DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-FC02-07ER64494]
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems [1139489] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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There is considerable debate over the capacity of the cell wall polymer lignin to incorporate unnatural monomer units. We have identified Tnt1 retrotransposon insertion mutants of barrel medic (Medicago truncatula) that show reduced lignin autofluorescence under UV microscopy and red coloration in interfascicular fibers. The phenotype is caused by insertion of retrotransposons into a gene annotated as encoding cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, here designated M. truncatula CAD1. NMR analysis indicated that the lignin is derived almost exclusively from coniferaldehyde and sinapaldehyde and is therefore strikingly different from classical lignins, which are derived mainly from coniferyl and sinapyl alcohols. Despite such a major alteration in lignin structure, the plants appear normal under standard conditions in the greenhouse or growth chamber. However, the plants are dwarfed when grown at 30 degrees C. Glycome profiling revealed an increased extractability of some xylan and pectin epitopes from the cell walls of the cad1-1 mutant but decreased extractability of others, suggesting that aldehyde-dominant lignin significantly alters cell wall structure.
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