Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 110, Issue 25, Pages 10189-10194Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1301502110
Keywords
gribble; carbohydrate degrading enzymes
Categories
Funding
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) [BB/G016178/1]
- BBSRC-US Partnering Award [BB/H531543/1]
- US Department of Energy's BioEnergy Technologies Office
- National Institute for Computational Sciences Kraken cluster under the National Science Foundation XSEDE [MCB090159]
- Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [DE-AC36-08GO28308]
- BBSRC [BB/H531543/1, BB/G016208/1, BB/G016178/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/H531543/1, BB/G016178/1, BB/G016208/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/E500595/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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Nature uses a diversity of glycoside hydrolase (GH) enzymes to convert polysaccharides to sugars. As lignocellulosic biomass deconstruction for biofuel production remains costly, natural GH diversity offers a starting point for developing industrial enzymes, and fungal GH family 7 (GH7) cellobiohydrolases, in particular, provide significant hydrolytic potential in industrial mixtures. Recently, GH7 enzymes have been found in other kingdoms of life besides fungi, including in animals and protists. Here, we describe the in vivo spatial expression distribution, properties, and structure of a unique endogenous GH7 cellulase from an animal, the marine wood borer Limnoria quadripunctata (LqCel7B). RT-quantitative PCR and Western blot studies show that LqCel7B is expressed in the hepatopancreas and secreted into the gut for wood degradation. We produced recombinant LqCel7B, with which we demonstrate that LqCel7B is a cellobiohydrolase and obtained four high-resolution crystal structures. Based on a crystallographic and computational comparison of LqCel7B to the well-characterized Hypocrea jecorina GH7 cellobiohydrolase, LqCel7B exhibits an extended substrate-binding motif at the tunnel entrance, which may aid in substrate acquisition and processivity. Interestingly, LqCel7B exhibits striking surface charges relative to fungal GH7 enzymes, which likely results from evolution in marine environments. We demonstrate that LqCel7B stability and activity remain unchanged, or increase at high salt concentration, and that the L. quadripunctata GH mixture generally contains cellulolytic enzymes with highly acidic surface charge compared with enzymes derived from terrestrial microbes. Overall, this study suggests that marine cellulases offer significant potential for utilization in high-solids industrial biomass conversion processes.
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