Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 110, Issue 10, Pages 4123-4128Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1209926110
Keywords
corvid; Theory of Mind; cooperation; specific satiety
Categories
Funding
- Royal Society
- University of Cambridge
- Royal Society of New Zealand
- Medical Research Council
- BBSRC [BB/I000690/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/I000690/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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State-attribution is the ability to ascribe to others an internal life like one's own and to understand that internal, psychological states such as desire, hope, belief, and knowledge underlie others' actions. Despite extensive research, comparative studies struggle to adequately integrate key factors of state-attribution that have been identified by evolutionary and developmental psychology as well as research on empathy. Here, we develop a behavioral paradigm to address these issues and investigate whether male Eurasian jays respond to the changing desire-state of their female partners when sharing food. We demonstrate that males feed their mates flexibly according to the female's current food preference. Critically, we show that the males need to see what the female has previously eaten to know what food she will currently want. Consequently, the males' sharing pattern was not simply a response to their mate's behavior indicating her preference as to what he should share, nor was it a response to the males' own desire-state. Our results raise the possibility that these birds may be capable of ascribing desire to their mates.
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