Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 110, Issue 21, Pages E1953-E1962Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1306244110
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Funding
- Medical Research Service of the Department of Veterans Affairs
- Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) [24600, 84756]
- National Eye Institute (NEI) [18359]
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [16980]
- [TSI-020110-2009-362]
- [BFU 2009-14705]
- [PR 2010-0434]
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We present neurohistological information for a case of bilateral, symmetrical damage to the medial temporal lobe and well-documented memory impairment. E. P. developed profound memory impairment at age 70 y and then was studied for 14 y He had no capacity for learning facts and events and had retrograde amnesia covering several decades. He also had a modest impairment of semantic knowledge. Neurohistological analysis revealed bilaterally symmetrical lesions of the medial temporal lobe that eliminated the temporal pole, the amygdala, the entorhinal cortex, the hippocampus, the perirhinal cortex, and rostral parahippocampal cortex. The lesion also extended laterally to involve the fusiform gyrus substantially. Last, the superior, inferior, and middle temporal gyri were atrophic, and subjacent white matter was gliotic. Several considerations indicate that E.P.' s severe memory impairment was caused by his medial temporal lesions, whereas his impaired semantic knowledge was caused by lateral temporal damage. His lateral temporal damage also may have contributed to his extensive retrograde amnesia. The findings illuminate the anatomical relationship between memory, perception, and semantic knowledge.
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