Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 109, Issue 21, Pages 8322-8327Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1200824109
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Funding
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P16311, P19585, P21215]
- Hertha-Firnberg Fellowship from the FWF
- Austrian Academy of Sciences
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [BA1158/5-1]
- Czech Science Foundation [P305/11/2476]
- Operational Programme Prague-Competitiveness [CZ.2.16/3.1.00/21159]
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P21215] Funding Source: Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [T 477, P 21215] Funding Source: researchfish
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Cross-talk between plant cells and their surroundings requires tight regulation of information exchange at the plasma membrane (PM), which involves dynamic adjustments of PM protein localization and turnover to modulate signal perception and solute transport at the interface between cells and their surroundings. In animals and fungi, turnover of PM proteins is controlled by reversible ubiquitylation, which signals endocytosis and delivery to the cell's lytic compartment, and there is emerging evidence for related mechanisms in plants. Here, we describe the fate of Arabidopsis PIN2 protein, required for directional cellular efflux of the phytohormone auxin, and identify cis- and trans-acting mediators of PIN2 ubiquitylation. We demonstrate that ubiquitin acts as a principal signal for PM protein endocytosis in plants and reveal dynamic adjustments in PIN2 ubiquitylation coinciding with variations in vacuolar targeting and proteolytic turnover. We show that control of PIN2 proteolytic turnover via its ubiquitylation status is of significant importance for auxin distribution in root meristems and for environmentally controlled adaptations of root growth. Moreover, we provide experimental evidence indicating that PIN2 vacuolar sorting depends on modification specifically by lysine(63)-linked ubiquitin chains. Collectively, our results establish lysine(63)-linked PM cargo ubiquitylation as a regulator of polar auxin transport and adaptive growth responses in higher plants.
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