Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 109, Issue 25, Pages 10113-10118Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1201628109
Keywords
innate immunity; arms race; ubiquitin-26S proteasome
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Funding
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan [17780032, 18108001, 20688002]
- Northern Advancement Center for Science and Technology of Hokkaido, Japan
- National Institutes of Health [GM068743]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [23780305, 18108001, 17780032, 20688002, 24880005] Funding Source: KAKEN
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RNA silencing (RNAi) induced by virus-derived double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which is in a sense regarded as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) of viruses, is a general plant defense mechanism. To counteract this defense, plant viruses express RNA silencing suppressors (RSSs), many of which bind to dsRNA and attenuate RNAi. We showed that the tobacco calmodulin-like protein, rgs-CaM, counterattacked viral RSSs by binding to their dsRNA-binding domains and sequestering them from inhibiting RNAi. Autophagy-like protein degradation seemed to operate to degrade RSSs with the sacrifice of rgs-CaM. These RSSs could thus be regarded as secondary viral PAMPs. This study uncovered a unique defense system in which an rgs-CaM-mediated countermeasure against viral RSSs enhanced host antiviral RNAi in tobacco.
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