Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 109, Issue 11, Pages 4080-4085Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1201088109
Keywords
anisotropy; lithium ion battery; plasticity; silicon anode
Categories
Funding
- US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Stanford Linear Accelerator Center National Accelerator Laboratory [DE-AC02-76SF00515]
- Laboratory Directed Research and Development project
- Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the US DOE under the Batteries for Advanced Transportation Technologies [DE-AC02-05CH11231, 6951379]
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) [KUS-l1-001-12, KUK-F1-038-02]
- Chevron Stanford Graduate Fellowship
- National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship
- National Science Foundation
- Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US DOE [DE-FG02-04-ER46163]
Ask authors/readers for more resources
From surface hardening of steels to doping of semiconductors, atom insertion in solids plays an important role in modifying chemical, physical, and electronic properties of materials for a variety of applications. High densities of atomic insertion in a solid can result in dramatic structural transformations and associated changes in mechanical behavior: This is particularly evident during electrochemical cycling of novel battery electrodes, such as alloying anodes, conversion oxides, and sulfur and oxygen cathodes. Silicon, which undergoes 400% volume expansion when alloying with lithium, is an extreme case and represents an excellent model system for study. Here, we show that fracture locations are highly anisotropic for lithiation of crystalline Si nanopillars and that fracture is strongly correlated with previously discovered anisotropic expansion. Contrary to earlier theoretical models based on diffusion-induced stresses where fracture is predicted to occur in the core of the pillars during lithiation, the observed cracks are present only in the amorphous lithiated shell. We also show that the critical fracture size is between about 240 and 360 nm and that it depends on the electrochemical reaction rate.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available