Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 109, Issue 17, Pages 6549-6554Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1118210109
Keywords
dimerization; mitosis; X-ray crystallography; multivalency; chromosome
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [GM085004]
- Welch Foundation [I-1441]
- Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT)
- Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
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The spindle checkpoint prevents aneuploidy by delaying anaphase onset until all sister chromatids achieve proper microtubule attachment. The kinetochore-bound checkpoint protein complex Mad1-Mad2 promotes the conformational activation of Mad2 and serves as a catalytic engine of checkpoint signaling. How Mad1 is targeted to kinetochores is not understood. Here, we report the crystal structure of the conserved C-terminal domain (CTD) of human Mad1. Mad1 CTD forms a homodimer and, unexpectedly, has a fold similar to those of the kinetochore-binding domains of Spc25 and Csm1. Nonoverlapping Mad1 fragments retain detectable kinetochore targeting. Deletion of the CTD diminishes, does not abolish, Mad1 kinetochore localization. Mutagenesis studies further map the functional interface of Mad1 CTD in kinetochore targeting and implicate Bub1 as its receptor. Our results indicate that CTD is a part of an extensive kinetochore-binding interface of Mad1, and rationalize graded kinetochore targeting of Mad1 during checkpoint signaling.
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