Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 108, Issue 23, Pages 9631-9636Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1015338108
Keywords
copy-number variation; parasite; quantitative trait locus mapping; genetic mapping
Categories
Funding
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health
- US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Current Research Information System (CRIS) [1265-32000-076]
- National Institutes of Health [AI082423, AI036629]
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The population structure of Toxoplasma gondii includes three highly prevalent clonal lineages referred to as types I, II, and III, which differ greatly in virulence in the mouse model. Previous studies have implicated a family of serine/threonine protein kinases found in rhoptries (ROPs) as important in mediating virulence differences between strain types. Here, we explored the genetic basis of differences in virulence between the highly virulent type I lineage and moderately virulent type II based on successful genetic cross between these lineages. Genome-wide association revealed that a single quantitative trait locus controls the dramatic difference in lethality between these strain types. Neither ROP16 nor ROP18, previously implicated in virulence of T. gondii, was found to contribute to differences between types I and II. Instead, the major virulence locus contained a tandem cluster of polymorphic alleles of ROP5, which showed similar protein expression between strains. ROP5 contains a conserved serine/threonine protein kinase domain that includes only part of the catalytic triad, and hence, all members are considered to be pseudokinases. Genetic disruption of the entire ROP5 locus in the type I lineage led to complete attenuation of acute virulence, and complementation with ROP5 restored lethality to WT levels. These findings reveal that a locus of polymorphic pseudokinases plays an important role in pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis in the mouse model.
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