Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 108, Issue 20, Pages 8317-8322Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1015313108
Keywords
body size; ecosystem-based management; food webs; life-history theory; marine conservation
Categories
Funding
- National Science Foundation
- National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate fellowships
- David H. Smith Postdoctoral Fellowship
- National Science Foundation Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organizaton [1041678]
- Census of Marine Life/Future of Marine Animal Populations
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council
- Canadian Foundation for Innovation
- Division Of Ocean Sciences
- Directorate For Geosciences [1041678] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Understanding which species are most vulnerable to human impacts is a prerequisite for designing effective conservation strategies. Surveys of terrestrial species have suggested that large-bodied species and top predators are the most at risk, and it is commonly assumed that such patterns also apply in the ocean. However, there has been no global test of this hypothesis in the sea. We analyzed two fisheries datasets (stock assessments and landings) to determine the life-history traits of species that have suffered dramatic population collapses. Contrary to expectations, our data suggest that up to twice as many fisheries for small, low trophic-level species have collapsed compared with those for large predators. These patterns contrast with those on land, suggesting fundamental differences in the ways that industrial fisheries and land conversion affect natural communities. Even temporary collapses of small, low trophic-level fishes can have ecosystem-wide impacts by reducing food supply to larger fish, seabirds, and marine mammals.
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