Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 108, Issue 25, Pages 10349-10354Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1103503108
Keywords
apoptosis; ischemia; oxidation
Categories
Funding
- Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports and Technology (MEXT) [20117011, 22310039, 21659013]
- Urakami Foundation
- National Institutes of Health [P01 HD29587, P01 ES016738, P30 NS057096, R01 EY09024, R01 EY05477]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [20117011, 11J08471, 21659013, 22310039, 23659041, 23590066] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Nitric oxide (NO) physiologically regulates numerous cellular responses through S-nitrosylation of protein cysteine residues. We performed antibody-array screening in conjunction with biotin-switch assays to look for S-nitrosylated proteins. Using this combination of techniques, we found that phosphatase with sequence homology to tensin (PTEN) is selectively S-nitrosylated by low concentrations of NO at a specific cysteine residue (Cys-83). S-nitrosylation of PTEN (forming SNO-PTEN) inhibits enzymatic activity and consequently stimulates the downstream Akt cascade, indicating that Cys-83 is a critical site for redox regulation of PTEN function. In ischemic mouse brain, we observed SNO-PTEN in the core and penumbra regions but found SNO-Akt, which is known to inhibit Akt activity, only in the ischemic core. These findings suggest that low concentrations of NO, as found in the penumbra, preferentially S-nitrosylate PTEN, whereas higher concentrations of NO, known to exist in the ischemic core, also S-nitrosylate Akt. In the penumbra, inhibition of PTEN (but not Akt) activity by S-nitrosylation would be expected to contribute to cell survival by means of enhanced Akt signaling. In contrast, in the ischemic core, SNO-Akt formation would inhibit this neuroprotective pathway. In vitro model systems support this notion. Thus, we identify unique sites of PTEN and Akt regulation bymeans of S-nitrosylation, resulting in an on-off pattern of control of Akt signaling.
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