Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 108, Issue 4, Pages 1278-1283Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1010431108
Keywords
adaptive evolution; NADPH metabolism; complex I
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Funding
- Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie/Delegation Regionale a la Recherche et a la Technologie and METabolic Explorer (Clermont-Ferrand, France)
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Bacterial metabolism is characterized by a remarkable capacity to rapidly adapt to environmental changes. We restructured the central metabolic network in Escherichia coli to force a higher production of NADPH, and then grew this strain in conditions favoring adaptive evolution. A six-fold increase in growth capacity was attained that could be attributed in multiple clones, after whole genome mutation mapping, to a specific single mutation. Each clone had an evolved NuoF*(E183A) enzyme in the respiratory complex I that can now oxidize both NADH and NADPH. When a further strain was constructed with an even higher degree of NADPH stress such that growth was impossible on glucose mineral medium, a solid-state screening for mutations restoring growth, led to two different types of NuoF mutations in strains having recovered growth capacity. In addition to the previously seen E183A mutation other clones showed a E183G mutation, both having NADH and NADPH oxidizing ability. These results demonstrate the unique solution used by E. coli to overcome the NADPH stress problem. This solution creates a new function for NADPH that is no longer restricted to anabolic synthesis reactions but can now be also used to directly produce catabolic energy.
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