Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 108, Issue 27, Pages 11151-11156Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1015994108
Keywords
core mutation; correlated mutation; protein mutations; surface mutation
Categories
Funding
- Meil de Botton Aynsley
- Israel Science Foundation
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Why do certain proteins evolve much slower than others? We compared not only rates per protein, but also rates per position within individual proteins. For similar to 90% of proteins, the distribution of positional rates exhibits three peaks: a peak of slow evolving residues, with average log(2)[normalized rate], log(2)mu, of ca. -2, corresponding primarily to core residues; a peak of fast evolving residues (log(2)mu similar to 0.5) largely corresponding to surface residues; and a very fast peak (log(2)mu similar to 2) associated with disordered segments. However, a unique fraction of proteins that evolve very slowly exhibit not only a negligible fast peak, but also a peak with a log(2)mu similar to-4, rather than the standard core peak of -2. Thus, a freeze of a protein's surface seems to stop core evolution as well. We also observed a much higher fraction of substitutions in potentially interacting residues than expected by chance, including substitutions in pairs of contacting surface-core residues. Overall, the data suggest that accumulation of surface substitutions enables the acceptance of substitutions in core positions. The underlying reason for slow evolution might therefore be a highly constrained surface due to protein-protein interactions or the need to prevent misfolding or aggregation. If the surface is inaccessible to substitutions, so becomes the core, thus resulting in very slow overall rates.
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