Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 108, Issue -, Pages 4659-4665Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1006451107
Keywords
bacteria; intestine; goblet cell; glycoprotein; colitis
Categories
Funding
- Swedish Research Council [7461, 21027, 342-2004-4434]
- Swedish Cancer Foundation
- Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation [KAW2007.0118]
- Inga-Britt and Arne Lundberg Foundation
- Sahlgren's University Hospital (LUA-ALF)
- European Community
- Wilhelm and Martina Lundgren's Foundation
- Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center
- Torsten och Ragnar Soderbergs Stiftelser
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The normal intestinal microbiota inhabits the colon mucus without triggering an inflammatory response. The reason for this and how the intestinal mucus of the colon is organized have begun to be unraveled. The mucus is organized in two layers: an inner, stratified mucus layer that is firmly adherent to the epithelial cells and approximately 50 mu m thick; and an outer, nonattached layer that is usually approximately 100 mu m thick as measured in mouse. These mucus layers are organized around the highly glycosylated MUC2 mucin, forming a large, net-like polymer that is secreted by the goblet cells. The innermucus layer is dense and does not allow bacteria to penetrate, thus keeping the epithelial cell surface free from bacteria. The inner mucus layer is converted into the outer layer, which is the habitat of the commensal flora. The outer mucus layer has an expanded volume due to proteolytic activities provided by the host but probably also caused by commensal bacterial proteases and glycosidases. The numerous O-glycans on the MUC2 mucin not only serve as nutrients for the bacteria but also as attachment sites and, as such, probably contribute to the selection of the species-specific colon flora. This observation that normal human individuals carry a uniform MUC2 mucin glycan array in colon may indicate such a specific selection.
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