Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 107, Issue 16, Pages 7401-7406Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0912702107
Keywords
genome-wide association study; single nucleotide polymorphism
Categories
Funding
- National Eye Institute
- National Institutes of Health [EY016862, EY007758, EY09859, EY012118, P30-EY014801, EY-014458, EY014467, HL084729, HG002651, HHSN268200782096C]
- Foundation Fighting Blindness
- Macula Vision Research Foundation
- American Health Assistance Foundation
- Research to Prevent Blindness
- Pew Charitable Trusts
- Mayo Clinic Foundation
- Casey Macular Degeneration Center
- Marion W. and Edward F. Knight AMD Fund
- Harold and Pauline Price Foundation
- National Genotyping Centre of Spain
- Elmer and Sylvia Sramek Foundation
- Center for Inherited Disease Research
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [22890007] Funding Source: KAKEN
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We executed a genome-wide association scan for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in 2,157 cases and 1,150 controls. Our results validate AMD susceptibility loci near CFH (P < 10(-75)), ARMS2 (P < 10(-59)), C2/CFB (P < 10(-20)), C3 (P < 10(-9)), and CFI (P < 10(-6)). We compared our top findings with the Tufts/Massachusetts General Hospital genome-wide association study of advanced AMD (821 cases, 1,709 controls) and genotyped 30 promising markers in additional individuals (up to 7,749 cases and 4,625 controls). With these data, we identified a susceptibility locus near TIMP3 (overall P = 1.1 x 10(-11)), a metalloproteinase involved in degradation of the extracellular matrix and previously implicated in early-onset maculopathy. In addition, our data revealed strong association signals with alleles at two loci (LIPC, P = 1.3 x 10(-7); CETP, P = 7.4 x 10(-7)) that were previously associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels in blood. Consistent with the hypothesis that HDL metabolism is associated with AMD pathogenesis, we also observed association with AMD of HDL-c-associated alleles near LPL (P = 3.0 x 10(-3)) and ABCA1 (P = 5.6 x 10(-4)). Multilocus analysis including all susceptibility loci showed that 329 of 331 individuals (99%) with the highest-risk genotypes were cases, and 85% of these had advanced AMD. Our studies extend the catalog of AMD associated loci, help identify individuals at high risk of disease, and provide clues about underlying cellular pathways that should eventually lead to new therapies.
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