Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 107, Issue 10, Pages 4505-4510Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0913461107
Keywords
electroactive polymers; dielectric materials; dielectric breakdown; adaptive optics; Maxwell stress
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Funding
- Austrian Science Fund [P20971-N20]
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P 20971] Funding Source: researchfish
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P20971] Funding Source: Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
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Electrical actuators made from films of dielectric elastomers coated on both sides with stretchable electrodes may potentially be applied in microrobotics, tactile and haptic interfaces, as well as in adaptive optical elements. Such actuators with compliant electrodes are sensitive to the pull-in electromechanical instability, limiting operational voltages and attainable deformations. Electrode-free actuators driven by sprayed-on electrical charges were first studied by Rontgen in 1880. They withstand much higher voltages and deformations and allow for electrically clamped (charge-controlled) thermodynamic states preventing electromechanical instabilities. The absence of electrodes allows for direct optical monitoring of the actuated elastomer, as well as for designing new 3D actuator configurations and adaptive optical elements.
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