Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 107, Issue 14, Pages 6316-6321Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0914218107
Keywords
biomineralization; carbonated hydroxyapatite; cryo-SEM; microbeam x-ray diffraction; small-angle x-ray scattering
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The continuously forming fin bony rays of zebrafish represent a simple bone model system in which mineralization is temporally and spatially resolved. The mineralized collagen fibrils of the fin bones are identical in structure to those found in all known bone materials. We study the continuous mineralization process within the tissue by using synchrotron microbeam x-ray diffraction and small-angle scattering, combined with cryo-scanning electron microscopy. The former provides information on the mineral phase and the mineral particles size and shape, whereas the latter allows high-resolution imaging of native hydrated tissues. The integration of the two techniques demonstrates that new mineral is delivered and deposited as packages of amorphous calcium phosphate nanospheres, which transform into platelets of crystalline apatite within the collagen matrix.
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