Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 107, Issue 9, Pages 4287-4292Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0910609107
Keywords
antigen presentation; endocytosis; MHC class II molecules; DEC-205; Fc receptor
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health and the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research
- National Institutes of Health [MSTP TG 2T32GM07205]
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In response to inflammatory stimuli, dendritic cells (DCs) trigger the process of maturation, a terminal differentiation program required to initiate T-lymphocyte responses. A hallmark of maturation is down-regulation of endocytosis, which is widely assumed to restrict the ability of mature DCs to capture and present antigens encountered after the initial stimulus. We found that mature DCs continue to accumulate antigens, especially by receptor-mediated endocytosis and phagocytosis. Internalized antigens are transported normally to late endosomes and lysosomes, loaded onto MHC class II molecules (MHCII), and then presented efficiently to T cells. This occurs despite the fact that maturation results in the general depletion of MHCII from late endocytic compartments, with MHCII enrichment being typically thought to be a required feature of antigen processing and peptide loading compartments. Internalized antigens can also be cross-presented on MHC class I molecules, without any reduction in efficiency relative to immature DCs. Thus, although mature DCs markedly down-regulate their capacity for macropinocytosis, they continue to capture, process, and present antigens internalized via endocytic receptors, suggesting that they may continuously initiate responses to newly encountered antigens during the course of an infection.
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