Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 107, Issue 16, Pages 7353-7358Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0910339107
Keywords
evolutionary rate; gene expression; molecular evolution; phenotypic evolution
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Funding
- National Health Research Institutes
- National Institutes of Health
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The relative importance of protein function change and gene expression change in phenotypic evolution is a contentious, yet central topic in evolutionary biology. Analyzing 5,199 mouse genes with recorded mutant phenotypes, we find that genes exclusively affecting morphological traits when mutated (dubbed morphogenes) are grossly enriched with transcriptional regulators, whereas those exclusively affecting physiological traits (dubbed physiogenes) are enriched with channels, transporters, receptors, and enzymes. Compared to physiogenes, morphogenes are more likely to be essential and pleiotropic and less likely to be tissue specific. Morphogenes evolve faster in expression profile, but slower in protein sequence and gene gain/loss than physiogenes. Thus, morphological and physiological changes have a differential molecular basis; separating them helps discern the genetic mechanisms of phenotypic evolution.
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