Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 107, Issue 13, Pages 6016-6021Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1000866107
Keywords
neuron; plasticity; signaling; memory; integration
Categories
Funding
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders National Research Service [F31DC007031]
- National Institutes of Health [5T32DC008072]
- National Science Foundation [2008073299]
- Medical Scientist Training Program [GM07739]
- National Institute of Mental Health National Research Service [F30MH084482]
- University of California at San Francisco Program
- National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders [R01 005991]
- University of California at Davis' Tupin
- Health Sciences Award
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To navigate a complex and changing environment, an animal's sensory neurons must continually adapt to persistent cues while remaining responsive to novel stimuli. Long-termexposure to an inherently attractive odor causes Caenorhabditis elegans to ignore that odor, a process termed odor adaptation. Odor adaptation is likely to begin within the sensory neuron, because it requires factors that act within these cells at the time of odor exposure. The process by which an olfactory sensory neuron makes a decisive shift over time from a receptive state to a lasting unresponsive one remains obscure. In C. elegans, adaptation to odors sensed by the AWC pair of olfactory neurons requires the cGMP-dependent protein kinase EGL-4. Using a fully functional, GFP-tagged EGL-4, we show here that prolonged odor exposure sends EGL-4 into the nucleus of the stimulated AWC neuron. This odor-induced nuclear translocation correlates temporally with the stable dampening of chemotaxis that is indicative of long-term adaptation. Long-term adaptation requires cGMP binding residues as well as an active EGL-4 kinase. We show here that EGL-4 nuclear accumulation is both necessary and sufficient to induce long-lasting odor adaptation. After it is in the AWC nucleus, EGL-4 decreases the animal's responsiveness to AWC-sensed odors by acting downstream of the primary sensory transduction. Thus, the EGL-4 protein kinase acts as a sensor that integrates odor signaling over time, and its nuclear translocation is an instructive switch that allows the animal to ignore persistent odors.
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