Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 106, Issue 51, Pages 21731-21736Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0907106106
Keywords
anaerobic protozoa; evolution; mitochondria; organelle; proteomics
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Funding
- Japanese Ministry of Education, Science, Culture, Sports, and Technology [18GS0314]
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan [18GS0314, 18050006, 18073001]
- Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan
- Japan Health Sciences Foundation
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [18050006, 18073001] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Hydrogenosomes and mitosomes are mitochondrion-related organelles in anaerobic/microaerophilic eukaryotes with highly reduced and divergent functions. The full diversity of their content and function, however, has not been fully determined. To understand the central role of mitosomes in Entamoeba histolytica, a parasitic protozoon that causes amoebic dysentery and liver abscesses, we examined the proteomic profile of purified mitosomes. Using 2 discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation and MS analysis, we identified 95 putative mitosomal proteins. Immunofluorescence assay showed that 3 proteins involved in sulfate activation, ATP sulfurylase, APS kinase, and inorganic pyrophosphatase, as well as sodium/sulfate symporter, involved in sulfate uptake, were compartmentalized to mitosomes. We have also provided biochemical evidence that activated sulfate derivatives, adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate and 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate, were produced in mitosomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the aforementioned proteins and chaperones have distinct origins, suggesting the mosaic character of mitosomes in E. histolytica consisting of proteins derived from alpha-proteobacterial, delta-proteobacterial, and ancestral eukaryotic origins. These results suggest that sulfate activation is the major function of mitosomes in E. histolytica and that E. histolytica mitosomes represent a unique mitochondrion- related organelle with remarkable diversity.
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