Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 106, Issue 25, Pages 10086-10091Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0900004106
Keywords
bioimaging; elastomers; photoluminescence; tissue engineering
Categories
Funding
- American Heart Association
- UTA Research Enhancement Program
- National Institutes of Health
- Shimadzu Equipment Grants for Research program
- U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05CH11280]
- National Cancer Institute [U24 CA126608]
- Simmons Cancer Center
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None of the current biodegradable polymers can function as both implant materials and fluorescent imaging probes. The objective of this study was to develop aliphatic biodegradable photoluminescent polymers (BPLPs) and their associated cross-linked variants (CBPLPs) for biomedical applications. BPLPs are degradable oligomers synthesized from biocompatible monomers including citric acid, aliphatic diols, and various amino acids via a convenient and cost-effective polycondensation reaction. BPLPs can be further cross-linked into elastomeric cross-linked polymers, CBPLPs. We have shown representatively that BPLP-cysteine (BPLP-Cys) and BPLP-serine (BPLP-Ser) offer advantages over the traditional fluorescent organic dyes and quantum dots because of their preliminarily demonstrated cytocompatibility in vitro, minimal chronic inflammatory responses in vivo, controlled degradability and high quantum yields ( up to 62.33%), tunable fluorescence emission ( up to 725 nm), and photostability. The tensile strength of CBPLP-Cys film ranged from 3.25 +/- 0.13 MPa to 6.5 +/- 0.8 MPa and the initial Modulus was in a range of 3.34 +/- 0.15 MPa to 7.02 +/- 1.40 MPa. Elastic CBPLP-Cys could be elongated up to 240 +/- 36%. The compressive modulus of BPLP-Cys (0.6) (1:1:0.6 OD:CA:Cys) porous scaffold was 39.60 +/- 5.90 KPa confirming the soft nature of the scaffolds. BPLPs also possess great processability for micro/nanofabrication. We demonstrate the feasibility of using BPLP-Ser nanoparticles (biodegradable quantum dots'') for in vitro cellular labeling and noninvasive in vivo imaging of tissue engineering scaffolds. The development of BPLPs and CBPLPs represents a new direction in developing fluorescent biomaterials and could impact tissue engineering, drug delivery, bioimaging.
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