Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 106, Issue 16, Pages 6718-6723Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0901983106
Keywords
HIV; microbial translocation
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Funding
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN), Office of AIDS Research, National Institutes of Health [U01AI068613]
- Department of the Army (U.S. Army Medical Research and Material Command Cooperative Agreement) [DAMD17-98-2-8007]
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [R01 A134826, R01 A134265]
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [5P30HD06826]
- World Bank STI Project, Uganda
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation
- Fogarty Foundation [5D43TW00010]
- Bill and Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health
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Reports from the United States have demonstrated that elevated markers of microbial translocation from the gut may be found in chronic and advanced HIV-1 infection and are associated with an increase in immune activation. However, this phenomenon's role in HIV-1 disease in Africa is unknown. This study examined the longitudinal relationship between microbial translocation and circulating inflammatory cytokine responses in a cohort of people with varying rates of HIV-1 disease progression in Rakai, Uganda. Multiple markers for microbial translocation (lipopolysaccharide, endotoxin antibody, and sCD14) did not change significantly during HIV-1 disease progression. Moreover, circulating immunoreactive cytokine levels either decreased or remained virtually unchanged throughout disease progression. These data suggest that microbial translocation and its subsequent inflammatory immune response do not have a causal relationship with HIV-1 disease progression in Africa.
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